50 Biology MCQs on Introductory Topics for Competetive Exams
- Which of the following is a primary function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Energy production
c) Storage of genetic information
d) Both b and c - The process by which cells divide to produce genetically identical daughter cells is called:
a) Mitosis
b) Meiosis
c) Cytokinesis
d) Both a and c - The hierarchical levels of biological organization, from smallest to largest, are:
a) Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organism, Ecosystem
b) Molecule, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organism
c) Atom, Molecule, Cell, Tissue, Organ
d) Molecule, Organelle, Cell, Organ, Organism - The process of converting light energy into chemical energy is known as:
a) Photosynthesis
b) Cellular respiration
c) Chemosynthesis
d) Fermentation - Mendel’s law of segregation states that:
a) Alleles of the same gene separate during gamete formation
b) Alleles of different genes are inherited independently
c) Traits are determined by dominant and recessive alleles
d) Both a and c - Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation?
a) Mutation
b) Genetic recombination
c) Gene flow
d) Phenotypic plasticity - The theory proposed by Charles Darwin that explains the mechanism of evolution is known as:
a) Catastrophism
b) Lamarckism
c) Punctuated equilibrium
d) Natural selection - The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment is called:
a) Adaptation
b) Homeostasis
c) Acclimation
d) Regulation - The branch of biology that deals with the classification and naming of organisms is called:
a) Ecology
b) Ethology
c) Taxonomy
d) Physiology - The principle that all living things are composed of one or more cells and that the cell is the basic unit of life, is known as:
a) The cell theory
b) The germ theory
c) The theory of evolution
d) The law of biogenesis
This comprehensive set of 50 MCQs covers the core concepts that are typically taught in an introductory biology course. From the basic properties of life to the complex mechanisms of evolution, these questions will challenge your understanding of the fundamental principles that govern the biological world. How many can you answer correctly?
A molecular biologist and aspiring bioinformatician with a passion for genomics, rare diseases, and precision medicine. With an MPhil in Molecular Biology and experience in genetics and genomics, he has contributed to clinical research projects on rare genetic disorders. He’s passionate about making genomic data meaningful — and ultimately helpful — for patients and clinicians alike.