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How to Read a VCF File: A Practical Guide to Variant Call Format
Learn what every part of a VCF file means: header lines, the eight fixed columns, genotypes like 0/1, special alleles, common mistakes and a reproducible bcftools check.
Latest guides
All articles-

AlphaGenome Atlas Explained: What Its 9 Billion Variant Predictions Mean
AlphaGenome Atlas predicts effects of every possible single-letter DNA change. See what its AVI scores help researchers prioritize, and what…
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GRCh37 vs GRCh38 vs T2T-CHM13: Choosing a Human Reference Genome
Compare GRCh37, GRCh38, T2T-CHM13 and the human pangenome, understand reference-build mismatches, and choose compatible files for reproducible NGS analysis.
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FASTQ and Phred Quality Scores: A Practical NGS QC Guide
Understand FASTQ records, Phred Q20/Q30 scores, ASCII encoding, quality-score binning, and a reproducible FastQC/MultiQC checklist before NGS alignment.
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PCR Primer Design Around a Genomic Variant: A Practical Checklist
PCR primer design around a genomic variant: a practical checklist for choosing the assembly, transcript and sequencing primers, then checking…
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How Human DNA Works: A Complete Guide to Chromosomes, Genes, and Genomes
How human DNA works, explained simply: how DNA, genes and chromosomes fit together in the human genome, how genes are…
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Human Vs AI: A Historic Victory at the AtCoder World Tour Finals 2025
In a thrilling showdown that captivated the programming community worldwide, Polish coder Przemysław Dębiak, known by his handle “Psyho,” narrowly…
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The Hidden Toll of Sleep Disruption in Cancer Survivorship
Did you know that cancer survivors are two to three times more likely to suffer from chronic sleep disturbances than…
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How Nutrition Shapes Our Cells to Fight Cancer
Did you know that up to 50% of cancer cases worldwide could be prevented through targeted nutrition and lifestyle changes?…
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Can Rare Diseases Affect Anyone? Myths vs. Facts
Rare diseases affect millions of people across the globe, yet they often remain misunderstood. Their name suggests infrequency, but the…
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Written by a working genomics researcher
Sci Chores is run by Taimoor Khan, a bioinformatician at the Advanced Center for Genomic Technologies, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar. The guides, tools and software come out of real sequencing and rare-disease work.
- 28
- rare-disease exome cases analysed in one year
- 272
- families in a major exome cohort contribution
- 50+
- researchers, clinicians and students trained