50 Biology MCQs on Introductory Topics for Competetive Exams

50 Biology MCQs on Introductory Topics for Competetive Exams

See Also: 50 Important MCQs about Enzymes for Competitive Exam

11. The building blocks of proteins are called:
    a) Amino acids
    b) Nucleotides
    c) Monosaccharides
    d) Lipids
12. The process by which green plants convert light energy into chemical energy is called:
    a) Cellular respiration
    b) Fermentation
    c) Photosynthesis
    d) Chemosynthesis
13. The process of cell division that creates genetically identical daughter cells is called:
    a) Mitosis
    b) Meiosis
    c) Cytokinesis
    d) Both a and c
14. Mendel’s second law, the law of independent assortment, states that:
    a) Alleles of different genes are inherited independently
    b) Alleles of the same gene are inherited independently
    c) Traits are determined by dominant and recessive alleles
    d) Both a and b
15. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of genetic variation?
    a) Mutation
    b) Recombination
    c) Hybridization
    d) Lamarckism
16. The evolutionary process by which a species becomes adapted to its environment is called:
    a) Natural selection
    b) Speciation
    c) Genetic drift
    d) Adaptation
17. The branch of biology that studies the relationships between organisms and their environment is called:
    a) Ecology
    b) Genetics
    c) Physiology
    d) Taxonomy
18. The theory that states that all species of life have evolved from common ancestors is known as:
    a) Cell theory
    b) Germ theory
    c) Evolutionary theory
    d) Atomic theory
19. The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in a given environment is called:
    a) Fitness
    b) Adaptation
    c) Natural selection
    d) Homeostasis
20. The process by which a population of organisms becomes genetically distinct from the parent population is called:
    a) Speciation
    b) Genetic drift
    c) Mutation
    d) Adaptation

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Taimoor Khan

A molecular biologist and aspiring bioinformatician with a passion for genomics, rare diseases, and precision medicine. With an MPhil in Molecular Biology and experience in genetics and genomics, he has contributed to clinical research projects on rare genetic disorders. He’s passionate about making genomic data meaningful — and ultimately helpful — for patients and clinicians alike.